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Steroids and the development of heavyweight boxing
Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 18:02
by pundit
The data computerrank sent me some time ago on the top 30 heavyweights in each year show that
- there is a relationship between the average weight and the average height of the best heavyweights that holds more or less from the 1920s until the mid 1980s
- in the mid 1980s this relationship breaks down -- from then on the average weight of the top 30 heavyweights increases much faster than the average height.
One explanation for this is "modern training and conditioning methods" ("with modern conditioning methods Jack Dempsey would have bulked up to 210 pounds, etc.") -- but this would imply that modern methods were invented in the mid 1980s only.
The other explanation is the use of steroids.
Views?
Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 19:59
by Expug
There are probably some heavyweights who juice and its probably been goin on for awhile.
I dont know why anybody would mess with that shit. Its not worth it.Arent there supposed to be some negative effects on the plumbing?
250 pounds of dynamite with a half inch wick.
Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 20:42
by Eric the Viking
I'd say it's at least as much lack of conditioning as it is steroids - the percentage of fat bastards in the HW division seems to continually increase - let's run down the current HW top ranks, it's dominated by a combination of freaks like Valuev, plain old overweight guys (Toney, Skelton, Brewster, Williams, McCall) and borderline tubbies (Rahman, Peter, Thompson, Gomez, Sam, McCline) -- there's probably at most a handful of guys in the top 20 who are really in shape.
I'd love for someone to do a body-mass-index comparison for the HW top 20 for each of the last 4 or 5 decades -- we can't really do a body-fat analysis, but just based on looking at these guys I'd say BMI isn't increasing due mainly to more lean muscle mass.
Note that the fat-bastard theory doesn't at all rule out that a lot of these guys may be using steroids, as well. In fact, maybe the lack of training discipline among modern fighters is one of the major causes for 'roid abuse - try to get in a pill or by way of a needle what you're too lazy to work for honestly.
In watching OLN's revisiting the Ali/Norton trilogy last week, I was thinking to myself, "when's the last time we saw a heavyweight contender in the kind of shape Norton was in?" Man, that dude was ripped, and he was no massive exception to the norm back then. Hell, even a borderline-out-of-shape Ali or Frazier was in way better condition than most modern heavies - how many of the modern guys do you think could go 15 rounds, much less a 15-round *war*? If they had to fight at the pace Ali and Frazier did in Manila (both well past their primes at that point, to boot), two-thirds of modern heavies would have heart attacks by the halfway point. But we shouldn't just blame the fighters - here in the U.S. we're a nation of flabbies - why should the HW division be any different?
Re: Steroids and the development of heavyweight boxing
Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 20:47
by Collins2000
pundit wrote:The data computerrank sent me some time ago on the top 30 heavyweights in each year show that
- there is a relationship between the average weight and the average height of the best heavyweights that holds more or less from the 1920s until the mid 1980s
- in the mid 1980s this relationship breaks down -- from then on the average weight of the top 30 heavyweights increases much faster than the average height.
One explanation for this is "modern training and conditioning methods" ("with modern conditioning methods Jack Dempsey would have bulked up to 210 pounds, etc.") -- but this would imply that modern methods were invented in the mid 1980s only.
The other explanation is the use of steroids.
Views?
One thing I would say is that the majority of the huge heavyweights are carrying a lot of blubber. Not all, but the majority. Because there has been a lack of talent in the heavyweight division these lardarses are able to hold down top 10 rankings.
Also, if your statistics are correct and are not just an anomoly then you might need to look at what started in the mid 80's that could possibly have caused this.
There is a lot of obesity in the western world today and it seems to have started exploding around the same time that the heavy top 10 started to be dominated by fatties.
I think that the blubberguts in the top 10 just have a bad diet and no incentive to correct it as they are being matched with other gutbuckets.
After reading Robert Snell's account of the damage Dempsey did to Willard in the first 3 minutes of their fight, I can envisage him ripping and tearing several of these fat bastards to shreds in one night.

Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 21:05
by The Great John L
Morbid overeating could explain the size of many "modern" HWs. When people say improved nutrition, it actually can mean a variety of things. But one thing that has changed is the prevelance of pre-packaged and heavily processed foods. A diet based on the types of food that many people eat today could explain the poor stamina of most "modern" HWs.
Just a thought.
Posted: 24 Aug 2006, 21:29
by exmuslim
The weight increase can be seen in the heavyweight class. Training techniques cannot explain all of it, as athletes have been doing weight lifting before the 80s as well. About 1984 this weight increase was accomodated with the insertion of the Cruiser Weight class at 190 lb. This was further raised to 200 lb in 2004. Why was this neccessary if not to accomodate this large increase in weight?
Ali fought between 198-214lb at his best. Peter who is actually shorter than Ali was fights today at 260 lb. Quite a big difference.
The steroids are a part but even more are protein supplements that help these fighters beef up. The extra weight cannot come just from pumping iron. Since steroid testing is done and steroids are detected, the steroids cannot be used a lot. Remember Toney way detected and he is not alone. The only logical explanation are the supplements.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 03:59
by Ezzard
Look at sports where there is a big discrepancy between what the top 2 or 3 people earn compared with the rest and you have a situation that is ripe for steroid abuse.
The way fighters jump weights these days is also an indication that there's more to this than steak and green beans. I'm pretty sure that drug abuse is rife in most professional sports.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 05:48
by The Great John L
Decagon wrote:Seriously, do you think that Evander Holyfield, living off a 40/30/30 diet in camp was using worse nutrition than Sonny Liston?
I wasn't talking about Holyfield. There are quite a few athletes who do eat well, but I doubt that that's true of the majority of the current HW crop. If it is, then perhaps they should consider trying canned beans, because their current diets aren't working very well.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 14:01
by pundit
Eric the Viking wrote:I'd love for someone to do a body-mass-index comparison for the HW top 20 for each of the last 4 or 5 decades -- we can't really do a body-fat analysis, but just based on looking at these guys I'd say BMI isn't increasing due mainly to more lean muscle mass.
BMI for the top 30 according to boxrec from 1920.
According to this, the acceleration of weight relative to height growth starts in the early 1970s (rather than the mid-1980s).
1920 26.1
1921 26.1
1922 26.0
1923 25.9
1924 25.6
1925 25.7
1926 25.6
1927 25.7
1928 25.8
1929 25.9
1930 26.0
1931 26.0
1932 26.1
1933 26.1
1934 26.0
1935 26.1
1936 26.2
1937 26.2
1938 25.9
1939 25.8
1940 25.9
1941 26.2
1942 26.5
1943 26.6
1944 26.8
1945 26.5
1946 26.3
1947 26.1
1948 26.1
1949 25.9
1950 25.6
1951 25.7
1952 25.7
1953 25.9
1954 25.8
1955 25.9
1956 25.8
1957 25.9
1958 25.8
1959 25.9
1960 25.9
1961 26.0
1962 25.9
1963 25.8
1964 25.8
1965 25.8
1966 25.9
1967 26.2
1968 26.2
1969 26.2
1970 26.2
1971 26.4
1972 26.5
1973 26.7
1974 26.7
1975 27.0
1976 27.1
1977 27.3
1978 27.5
1979 27.2
1980 27.0
1981 26.9
1982 27.2
1983 27.3
1984 27.3
1985 27.2
1986 27.3
1987 27.7
1988 27.8
1989 28.1
1990 28.3
1991 28.6
1992 28.5
1993 28.7
1994 28.8
1995 29.0
1996 29.1
1997 29.0
1998 29.0
1999 29.0
2000 29.0
2001 29.2
2002 29.4
2003 29.6
2004 29.7
2005 29.8
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 14:33
by The Great John L
Most of the 70's probably were exhibiting the natural growth from improvements in lifestyles, while the 80's and forward represent mostly eating disorders.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 21:24
by kick asner
Decagon wrote:The Great John L wrote:Decagon wrote:Seriously, do you think that Evander Holyfield, living off a 40/30/30 diet in camp was using worse nutrition than Sonny Liston?
I wasn't talking about Holyfield. There are quite a few athletes who do eat well, but I doubt that that's true of the majority of the current HW crop. If it is, then perhaps they should consider trying canned beans, because their current diets aren't working very well.
Name me a 22-year-old man in the history of civilization who didn't eat like shit. You think junk food was invented in 1982?
Junk food was invented awhile back, it's just that as time passes they become better at producing food faster and cheaper which makes it more full of chemicals more fattening and less healthy thus creating near epidemic leavels of cancer, obecsity, and diabeties to name just a few of the diseases asociated with the modern day diet. Its not just a coincidence that cancer is at an all time high.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 21:32
by HomicideHenry
Steroids have been around since the late 30's, but were not really used in sports until roughly the early 60's. The original use of steroids was for a disorder where men simply were lacking testosterone. In the 40's it was documented that Adolf Hitler gave the Nazi army steroids to increase their "blood lust". This could have been a basis for the CAPTAIN AMERICA comic books of the 1940's with the "super soldier serum".
By and large steroids were used in mostly all sports, from baseball to weight lifting for several years until the 1980's where there became a ban on steroids in sports. I wouldnt be surprised that many of the contenders in the late 70's and 80's up til now were on a performance enhancer of some kind.
It is rather odd though that for many years the HW weight class was 176 and up, and then became 195 and up and now is presently 210 and up. In the 60's and 70's most of the top HW's were finely tuned athletes weighing around 215 pounds...now the top HW's of today are 6'3" and taller and 240 pounds and heavier.
It has become the era of SUPER-HEAVYWEIGHTS. And there is no doubt in my mind that a Cruiserweight titlist could easily beat the men who are currently at the top, based on the fact that they are finely tuned 190 pound fighters, while the men today are fighting at 240 when they should be 220.
Posted: 25 Aug 2006, 22:45
by kick asner
Decagon wrote:kick asner wrote:Junk food was invented awhile back, it's just that as time passes they become better at producing food faster and cheaper which makes it more full of chemicals more fattening and less healthy thus creating near epidemic leavels of cancer, obecsity, and diabeties to name just a few of the diseases asociated with the modern day diet. Its not just a coincidence that cancer is at an all time high.
See, the difference is that boxers have never lived normal, nine-to-five lifestyles. Most of them don't have wives or mothers looking after them. So many fighters of the 1950s and 1960s ate nothing but hamburgers and hot dogs. The economics of America and perhaps someday the world have been such that nearly everyone who isn't starving on the street can eat McDonald's three times a week.
Could be, don't know. Going down the path of conjecture of a certain sector of society and their social habits and how and why they developed such habits. I suppose one could explore such avenues and the possibilities.
Posted: 28 Aug 2006, 15:35
by Eric the Viking
pundit wrote:BMI for the top 30 according to boxrec from 1920.
Pundit: thanks for the number-crunching! According to
the Calorie Council,: "A BMI greater than 25 is considered overweight and a BMI greater than 30 is considered obese."
Now, the very consistent average BMI between 25.5 and 26.5 for the top-30 heavies up until around 1970 (and knowing from films what the old-time heavies looked like) tells me that for BMIs up to perhaps 27, the excess over the 25 "overweight" is easily explained by significantly heavier musculature relative to your average man-off-the-street. But once you get above 27 or so, you've gotta have some serious muscles to explain that.
Also, the start of the ramp-up in the 70s has two possible explanations (probably both at work to some degree): the spread of resistance training methods to sports where they were long considered harmful (e.g. boxing, baseball, etc), and the explosion of fast-food culture.
Damn, the average top-30-HW BMI is right around 30 currently - that's fricking pathetic. Hey Pundit, care to give us an individual BMI for each of the current top 30 heavies? It'd be interesting to correlate those with the physical appearance of the fighters and see just how many (if any) that have a BMI over (say) 28 are really fit. I'm willing to bet that there's not a single BMI-over-30 guy on the list who isn't at least 20-30 lbs overweight. (For convenience, we could define overweight as anything > 10% bodyfat at fight time - although we have to guess at the bodyfat %, using the fighter's appearance.)
And don't any of you hoops fans give me any "Hey, Shaquille O'Neal's in great shape and he carries 15% bodyfat" bullcrap - Shaq could afford to lose 20-30 himself, but because he doesn't have to run the court as much as the smaller guys (or go 12 rounds), he gets away with it. I call it the "Charles-Barkley-Butt Effect" - if you spend most of your time in the low post, a big butt can actually help you.
Posted: 28 Aug 2006, 16:14
by pundit
Eric the Viking wrote:pundit wrote:BMI for the top 30 according to boxrec from 1920.
Pundit: thanks for the number-crunching! According to
the Calorie Council,: "A BMI greater than 25 is considered overweight and a BMI greater than 30 is considered obese."
Now, the very consistent average BMI between 25.5 and 26.5 for the top-30 heavies up until around 1970 (and knowing from films what the old-time heavies looked like) tells me that for BMIs up to perhaps 27, the excess over the 25 "overweight" is easily explained by significantly heavier musculature relative to your average man-off-the-street. But once you get above 27 or so, you've gotta have some serious muscles to explain that.
Also, the start of the ramp-up in the 70s has two possible explanations (probably both at work to some degree): the spread of resistance training methods to sports where they were long considered harmful (e.g. boxing, baseball, etc), and the explosion of fast-food culture.
Damn, the average top-30-HW BMI is right around 30 currently - that's fricking pathetic. Hey Pundit, care to give us an individual BMI for each of the current top 30 heavies? It'd be interesting to correlate those with the physical appearance of the fighters and see just how many (if any) that have a BMI over (say) 28 are really fit. I'm willing to bet that there's not a single BMI-over-30 guy on the list who isn't at least 20-30 lbs overweight. (For convenience, we could define overweight as anything > 10% bodyfat at fight time - although we have to guess at the bodyfat %, using the fighter's appearance.)
And don't any of you hoops fans give me any "Hey, Shaquille O'Neal's in great shape and he carries 15% bodyfat" bullcrap - Shaq could afford to lose 20-30 himself, but because he doesn't have to run the court as much as the smaller guys (or go 12 rounds), he gets away with it. I call it the "Charles-Barkley-Butt Effect" - if you spend most of your time in the low post, a big butt can actually help you.
I have fighter-by-fighter data, but this is a big file - I can email it if you tell me where to. For 2005 the top 30 fighters with BMIs are:
Samuel Peter 33.2
Lamon Brewster 30.9
James Toney 34.8
Chris Byrd 28.8
Nikolay Valuev 32.4
Calvin Brock 29.3
Matt Skelton 31.7
Wladimir Klitschko 28.2
Hasim Rahman 30.0
Shannon Briggs 31.9
Sultan Ibragimov 28.3
Oleg Maskaev 29.3
Audley Harrison 29.6
Alexander Dimitrenko 28.0
Tye Fields 28.7
Vladimir Virchis 29.2
Timor Ibragimov 28.1
John Ruiz 30.5
Brian Minto 30.2
Danny Williams 35.3
Tony Thompson 29.2
Henry Akinwande 26.9
Eddie Chambers 27.8
David Tua 35.5
DaVarryl Williamson 28.0
Rob Calloway 25.5
Juan Carlos Gomez 28.2
Malik Scott 29.0
Roman Greenberg 29.5
Michael Grant 28.7
Posted: 28 Aug 2006, 16:34
by dempseyfire
Decagon wrote:kick asner wrote:Junk food was invented awhile back, it's just that as time passes they become better at producing food faster and cheaper which makes it more full of chemicals more fattening and less healthy thus creating near epidemic leavels of cancer, obecsity, and diabeties to name just a few of the diseases asociated with the modern day diet. Its not just a coincidence that cancer is at an all time high.
See, the difference is that boxers have never lived normal, nine-to-five lifestyles. Most of them don't have wives or mothers looking after them. So many fighters of the 1950s and 1960s ate nothing but hamburgers and hot dogs. The economics of America and perhaps someday the world have been such that nearly everyone who isn't starving on the street can eat McDonald's three times a week.
??? WHat are you talking about? Most boxers DID work 9-5 jobs along with fighting, and many were certainly married and had wives/moms who cooked for them. And if they ate occasional hamburgers, it was fresh ground meat and vegatables and not throughly processed chemical laced stuff that we eat today. Not to romanticise the past, but on a whole people eat a LOT unhealthier foods.
Posted: 28 Aug 2006, 17:06
by Eric the Viking
pundit wrote:For 2005 the top 30 fighters with BMIs are:
Thanks - that's all I wanted. It pretty much confirms my "if your BMI is over 30, you got some 'splainin to do" theory - the only guys I see who are at or over a BMI of 30 and would probably not be overweight at 30 are Peter and Valuev.
Peter is overweight currently but muscular enough that he could probably be pretty ripped if he lost enough weight to get his BMI down to 30 (without losing any muscle, of course).
Valuev is also not svelte, but probably has around a +5 BMI at any bodyfat % (relative to a normal boxer) due to his being a borderline case of pituitary
giantism i.e. his entire frame and bone structure is heavier than a normal person's due to the physical pathology of giantism.
Are there any other over-30s who aren't fat bastards? (I haven't seen a couple of those guys, e.g. Skelton - but all the ones I have seen are overweight to some degree).
Posted: 29 Aug 2006, 09:03
by pundit
Decagon wrote:BMI is almost meaningless for measuring the health of world-class athletes. In the 1960s and 1970s, Arnold Schwarzenegger's BMI was pushing 40, but he had less than 5% body fat.
.... and took truckloads of steroids.
Hence the title of this thread.
Posted: 29 Aug 2006, 12:20
by pundit
samuel wrote:pundit wrote:Decagon wrote:BMI is almost meaningless for measuring the health of world-class athletes. In the 1960s and 1970s, Arnold Schwarzenegger's BMI was pushing 40, but he had less than 5% body fat.
.... and took truckloads of steroids.
Hence the title of this thread.
The point made that BMI is meaningless for athletes is still valid. Take steroids out of thre equation and you can still build body mass through adding muscle and reduce fat(albeit not as much of course). Therefore you can add weight (since muscle weighs more) thus increasing your BMI, even though you reduced your body fat percentage. BMI=completely useless tool for measuring the fitness of athletes.
But not a useless tool for assessing the physical deveopment of th eaverage top heavyweight. Looking at the data, I see essentially three possibilities:
(1) from the early/mid-1970s heavyweights became continuously better conditioned because improved training methods, thus increasing the amount of muscle on the same frame; or
(2) they took steroids to help this process; or
(3) they became worse conditioned -- i.e. increased the amount of fat on the same frame.
Of these options, (1) seems the least plausbile to me--there is no good reason why better conditioning should have started in the early-mid 1970s only -- most would actually argue that the quylity of the sport has deteriorated, rather than improved, since then. (3) looks superficially plausible, especially if you look at folks like Jmes Toney. Still, on average the top 30 athletes in a lucrative discipline should be in good physical shape even if the sport isn't what it used tube. Also, prime Lewis or Klitschko have/had BMI's of 28 - way above the standard before the 1980s -- and noone would say they had been purely conditioned.
Remains option (2).
Posted: 29 Aug 2006, 16:58
by dempseyfire
Decagon wrote:All three options are wrong. From the 1920s to the 1970s, lifting weights simply wasn't in style. In the 1970s, technology enabled World-class athletes on both sides of the Iron Curtain to use weight lifting methods designed for athletes' particular sport.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for runners.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for road bikers.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for race-car drivers.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for boxers.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for sprinters.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for marathoners.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for swimmers.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for triathletes.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for heavyweight boxers.
In the 1950s, there was no weightlifting method specifically designed for welterweight boxers.
Weight lifting was just weight lifting. Cardio was just cardio. Rocky Marciano didn't have a specific cardio routine that favored his style of boxing, or was even geared towards boxers in general. He did the Charles Atlas cardio routine!!! Now there are all those weightlifting methods, with sport-specific and even athlete-specific cardio routines to go with them.
You know what? I'm sick of people dismissing modern nutrition. Sonny Liston is one of the fighters that I've always been interested in, and I've done a fair amount of research on him. You know what? I think he would've been a much better heavyweight if he'd eaten more carbohydrates. I think that if he were active today, or in the past 15 years, he'd be the best heavyweight who ever lived.
His cardio routine seemed to work fairly well, considering he never lost a fight or got even seemingly fatigued . . . he got stronger as a fight wore on.
Posted: 30 Aug 2006, 09:37
by pundit
Decagon, you theory implies that heavyweight boxers discovered nutrition allowing them to build up more muscle in in the early-mid 1970s only, and that they would have made continiuous progress with this ever since. Now where is evidence that would support this view?
Posted: 30 Aug 2006, 10:34
by pundit
Decagon wrote:Shit, look at what heavyweight boxers ate for dinner every night. Sonny Liston had a two-pound steak for dinner and a one-pound steak for breakfast. In the 1950s and 1960s in America, it was falsely believed that the more red meat you ate, the more healthy you'd be. That's a historical fact. If you don't like its implications, that's too bad. Heavyweight boxers eating a 40/30/30 diet are able to have more stamina with less work in the gym. If you don't like the implications of that, that's too bad. "Modern nutrition" is NOT a myth.
I did not say it's a myth; I just find it rather hard to believe that nutrition did nothing for the amount of muscle heavyweights carried from 1920 to 1970, and since then nuytrition caused the amount of muscle relative to the size of the frame to increase explosively.
Besides, this is not about stamina--carrying too much muscle is, if anything, negative for stamina--this is about the increase in the BMI.
The break point coincides closely with the use of steroids in athletics. It's in the 1970s that drugged East German and Soviet athletes started collecting Olympic medals like hey, it's in the 1970s that the BMI for heavyweight boxers shot upwards.
Posted: 30 Aug 2006, 10:40
by dempseyfire
If you honestly believe Liston ate steaks EVERY DAY for breakfast and dinner you are kidding yourself. Until he won the title he could've never afforded such a diet anyway, in what was the prime of his career
Carbs wern't discovered yesterday. In fact, most poor people in the 1940s-1950s would be on a carb intensive diet of wheat and oatmeal, along with what meat they could afford.
BTW Marciano's retirement was due to a multitude of back problems he'd been having for some time, not at all due to his nutrition.